|
Year
of Award |
Year
of Research |
Awarded
to |
Awarded
for |
|
1901 |
1895 |
Wilhelm
Konrad Röntgen |
X-rays |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1902 |
1896 |
Hendrik
Antoon Lorentz |
Magnetism in
radiation phenomena |
|
|
|
Pieter
Zeeman |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1903 |
1896 |
Antoine
Henri Bequerel |
Spontaneous radioactivity |
|
|
1898 |
Pierre
Curie |
|
|
|
|
Marie
Sklodowska-Curie |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1904 |
1894 |
Lord
Rayleigh |
Density of gases
and discovery of argon |
|
|
|
(a.k.a.
John William Strutt) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1905 |
1899 |
Pilipp
Eduard Anton von Lenard |
Cathode rays |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1906 |
1897 |
Joseph
John Thomson |
Conduction of
electricity by gases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1907 |
|
Albert
Abraham Michelson |
Precision meteorological
investigations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1908 |
|
Gabriel
Lippman |
Reproducing colors
photographically |
|
|
|
|
based on the
phenomenon of interference |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1909 |
1901 |
Guglielmo
Marconi |
Wireless telegraphy |
|
|
|
Carl
Ferdinand Braun |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1910 |
1873 |
Johannes
Diderik van der Waals |
Equation of state
of fluids |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1911 |
1896 |
Wilhelm
Wien |
Laws of radiation
of heat |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1912 |
1909 |
Nils
Gustaf Dalén |
Automatic gas
flow regulators |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1913 |
1911 |
Heike
Kamerlingh Onnes |
Matter at low
temperature |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1914 |
1912 |
Max
von Laue |
Crystal diffraction
of X-rays |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1915 |
1913 |
William
Henry Bragg |
X-ray analysis
of crystal structure |
|
|
|
William
Lawrence Bragg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1916 |
No
award |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1917 |
1911 |
Charles
Glover Barkla |
Characteristic
X-ray spectra of elements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1918 |
1900 |
Max
Planck |
Energy quanta |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1919 |
1913 |
Johannes
Stark |
Splitting of
spectral lines in E fields |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1920 |
|
Charles-Edouard
Guillaume |
Anomalies in
nickel steel alloys |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1921 |
1905 |
Albert
Einstein |
Photoelectric
Effect |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1922 |
1913 |
Niels
Bohr |
Structure of
atoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1923 |
1909 |
Robert
Andrew Millikan |
Elementary charge
of electricity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1924 |
|
Karl
Manne Georg Siegbahn |
X-ray spectroscopy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1925 |
1914 |
James
Franck |
Impact of an
electron upon an atom |
|
|
|
Gustav
Hertz |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1926 |
|
Jean
Baptiste Perrin |
Sedimentation
equilibrium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1927 |
1924 |
Arthur
Holly Compton |
Compton effect |
|
|
1912 |
Charles
Thomson Rees Wilson |
Invention of
the cloud chamber |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1928 |
1903 |
Owen
Willans Richardson |
Thermionic phenomena,
Richardson's Law |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1929 |
1923 |
Prince
Louis-Victor de Broglie |
Wave nature of
electrons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1930 |
1928 |
Sir
Chandrasekhara Venkata Ram |
an Scattering
of light, Raman effect |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1931 |
No
award |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1932 |
1925 |
Werner
Heisenberg |
Quantum Mechanics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1933 |
1926 |
Erwin
Schrödinger |
Atomic theory |
|
|
1928 |
Paul
Adrien Maurice Dirac |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1934 |
No
award |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1935 |
1932 |
James
Chadwick |
The neutron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1936 |
1911 |
Victor
Franz Hess |
Cosmic rays |
|
|
1932 |
Carl
D. Anderson |
The positron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1937 |
1925 |
Clinton
Joseph Davisson |
Crystal diffraction
of electrons |
|
|
|
George
Paget Thomson |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1938 |
1935 |
Enrico
Fermi |
New radioactive
elements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1939 |
1929 |
Ernest
Orlando Lawrence |
Invention of
the cyclotron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1940 |
None |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1941 |
None |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1942 |
None |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1943 |
1933 |
Otto
Stern |
Proton magnetic
moment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1944 |
1935 |
Isador
Isaac Rabi |
Magnetic resonance
in atomic nuclei |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1945 |
1924 |
Wolfgang
Pauli |
The Exclusion
principle |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1946 |
1925 |
Percy
Williams Bridgman |
Production of
extremely high pressures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1947 |
1924 |
Sir
Edward Victor Appleton |
Physics of the
upper atmosphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1948 |
1932 |
Patrick
Maynard Stuart Blacket |
t Cosmic ray
showers in cloud chambers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1949 |
1935 |
Hideki
Yukawa |
Prediction of
mesons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1950 |
1947 |
Cecil
Frank Powell |
Photographic
emulsion for meson studies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1951 |
1932 |
Sir
John Douglas Cockroft |
Artificial acceleration
of atomic |
|
|
|
Ernest
Thomas Sinton Walton |
particles and
transmutation of nuclei |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1952 |
1946 |
Felix
Bloch |
Nuclear magnetic
precision methods |
|
|
|
Edward
Mills Purcell |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1953 |
1935 |
Frits
Zernike |
Phase-contrast
microscope |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1954 |
1926 |
Max
Born |
Fundamental research
in QM |
|
|
1925 |
Walther
Bothe |
Coincidence counters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1955 |
1947 |
Willis
Eugene Lamb |
Hydrogen fine
structure |
|
|
1947 |
Polykarp
Kusch |
Electron magnetic
moment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1956 |
1948 |
William
Shockley |
Transistors |
|
|
|
John
Bardeen |
|
|
|
|
Walter
Houser Brattain |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1957 |
1956 |
Chen
Ning Yang |
Parity violation |
|
|
|
Tsung
Dao Lee |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1958 |
1934 |
Pavel
Aleksejevic Cerenkov |
Interpretation
of the Cerenkov effect |
|
|
1937 |
Il'ja
Mickajlovic Frank |
|
|
|
|
Igor'
Evgen'evic Tamm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1959 |
1955 |
Emilio
Gino Segre |
The Antiproton |
|
|
|
Owen
Chamberlain |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1960 |
1952 |
Donald
Arthur Glaser |
The bubble chamber |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1961 |
1953 |
Robert
Hofstadter |
Electron scattering
on nucleons |
|
|
|
Rudolf
Ludwig Mössbauer |
Resonant absorption
of photons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1962 |
1941 |
Lev
Davidovic Landau |
Theory of liquid
helium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1963 |
1931 |
Eugene
P. Wigner |
Fundamental symmetry
principles |
|
|
1949 |
Maria
Goeppert Mayer |
Nuclear shell
structure |
|
|
|
J.
Hans D. Jensen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1964 |
1958 |
Charles
H. Townes |
Maser-Laser principle |
|
|
|
Nikolai
G. Basov |
|
|
|
|
Alexander
M. Prochorov |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 |
1948 |
Sin-Itiro
Tomonaga |
Quantum electrodynamics |
|
|
|
Julian
Schwinger |
|
|
|
|
Richard
P. Feynman |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1966 |
1950 |
Alfred
Kastler |
Study of hertzian
resonance in atoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 |
1938 |
Hans
Albrecht Bethe |
Energy production
in stars |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 |
1955 |
Luis
W. Alvarez |
Discovery of
many particle resonances |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 |
1964 |
Murray
Gell-Mann |
Quark model for
particle classification |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 |
1942 |
Hannes
Alfvén |
Magneto-hydrodynamics
in plasma physics |
|
|
1932 |
Louis
Néel |
Antiferromagnetism
and ferromagnetism |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1971 |
1947 |
Dennis
Gabor |
Principles of
holography |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 |
1957 |
John
Bardeen |
Theory of superconductivity |
|
|
|
Leon
N. Cooper |
|
|
|
|
J.
Robert Schrieffer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 |
1960 |
Leo
Esaki |
Tunneling in
superconductors |
|
|
|
Ivar
Giaever |
|
|
|
1962 |
Brian
D. Josephson |
Super-current
through tunnel barriers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 |
1974 |
Antony
Hewish |
Discovery of
pulsars |
|
|
1958 |
Sir
Martin Ryle |
Pioneering radioastronomy
work |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 |
1950 |
Aage
Bohr |
Structure of
the atomic nucleus |
|
|
|
